Low Flow Anesthesia

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Low flow administration of new inhalation agent

Higuchi,H.; Adachi,Y.; Arimura,S.; Kanno,M.; Satoh,T.
Compound A concentrations during low-flow sevoflurane anesthesia correlate directly with the concentration of monovalent bases in carbon dioxide absorbents.
Anesth.Analg. 91, 2000, 434-439

Nathanson,M.H.; Fredman,B.; Smith,I.; White,P.F.
Sevoflurane versus desflurane for outpatient anesthesia: a comparison of maintenance and recovery profiles.
Anesth.Analg. 1995, 81, 1186-1190

Bito,H.; Ikeda,K.
Effect of total flow rate on the concentration of degradation products generated by reaction between sevoflurane and soda lime.
Br.J.Anaesth. 1995, 74, 667-669

Bito,H.; Ikeda,K.
Long-duration, low-flow sevoflurane anesthesia using two carbon dioxide absorbents. Quantification of degradation products in the circuit.
Anesthesiology 1994, 81, 340-345

Bito,H.; Ikeda,K.
Closed-circuit anesthesia with sevoflurane in humans. Effects on renal and hepatic function and concentrations of breakdown products with soda lime in the circuit.
Anesthesiology 1994, 80, 71-76

Einarsson,S.; Bengtsson,A.; Stenqvist,O.; Bengtson,J.P.
Emergence from isoflurane/N2O or isoflurane anaesthesia.
Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand.1997, 41, 1292-1299

Theory of low flow

Baxter,A.D.
Low and minimal flow inhalational anaesthesia.
Can.J.Anaesth. 1997, 44, 643-52

Mapleson,W.W.
The theoretical ideal fresh-gas flow sequence at the start of low-flow anaesthesia.
Anaesthesia 1998, 53, 264-272

Bengtson,J.P.; Sonander,H.; Stenqvist,O.
Gaseous homeostasis during low-flow anaesthesia.
Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand. 1988:32: 516-521.

Virtue,R.W.
Minimal-flow nitrous oxide anesthesia.
Anesthesiology 1974, 40, 196-198

Circle system characteristics

Henriksson,B.A.; Sundling,J.; Hellman,A.
The effect of a heat and moisture exchanger on humidity in a low-flow anaesthesia system.
Anaesthesia 1997, 52, 144-149

Bengtson,J.P.; Bengtsson,J.; Bengtsson,A.; Stenqvist,O.
Sampled gas need not be returned during low-flow anesthesia.
J.Clin.Monit. 1993, 9, 330-334

Bengtson,J.P.; Bengtson,A.; Stenqvist,O.
The circle system as a humidifier.
Br.J.Anaesth. 1989, 63, 453-457

Clinical practicalities

Mollhoff,T.; Burgard,G.; Prien,T.
Low-flow and minimal-flow anaesthesia using the laryngeal mask airway.
Eur.J.Anaesthesiol. 1996, 13, 456-462

Pharmacoeconomics

Suttner,S.; Boldt,J.
Low-flow anaesthesia. Does it have potential pharmacoeconomic consequences?
Pharmacoeconomics 2000, 17, 585-590.

Last updated: 1 January 2001Created
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