Gas Exchange

Bibliography

McLellan S, Walsh T, Lee A
Clinical evaluation of a new gas exchange monitor in mechanically ventilated patients
Intensive Care Medicine, Vol. 25, :6,1999
"The new monitor is accurate enough for clinical monitoring of trends in VCO2 and VO2. It also demonstrates very good repeatability, especially for VO2 at FiO2 0.3-0.7 compared with the Deltatrac."

Walsh T, Hopton P, Lee A
A comparison between the Fick method and indirect calorimetry for determining oxygen consumption in patients with fulminant hepatic failure.
Critical Care Medicine, Vol. 26, :1200-07, 1998
"The Fick method is inaccurate and unreliable when an estimation of CO is required in patients with this hemodynamic pattern."

Tappy L, Schwarz J-M, Schneiter P, Cayeux C, Revelly J-P, Fagerquist CK, Jequier E, Chiolero R
Effect of isoenergetic glucose-based or lipid-based parenteral nutrition on glucose metabolism, de novo lipogenesis, and respiratory gas exchanges in critically ill patients.
Critical Care Med, Vol. 26, :860-67, 1998
"The rate of glucose administration commonly used during TPN of critically ill patients does not suppress endogenous glucose production or net protein loss, but markedly stimulates de novo lipogenesis and CO2 production. Increasing the proportion of fat may be beneficial, provided that lipid emulsion has no adverse effects."

Verhoeven JJ, Hazelzet JA, van der Voort E, Joosten KFM
Comparison of measured and predicted energy expenditure in mechanically ventilated children
Intensive Care Medicine, Vol. 24, :464-68, 1998
"It seems not to be appropriate to use a standard prediction equation but to perform individual measurements of energy expenditure and RQ with indirect calorimetry in combination with nitrogen balance for matching adequate nutritional support."

Lum l, Saville A, Venkataraman S
Accuracy of physiologic dead space measurements in intubated pediatric patients using a metabolic monitor; Comparison with the Douglas bag method.
Critical Care Medicine, Vol. 26, :760-64, 1998
"The Vd/Vt can be measured reliably and accurately in intubated pediatric patients using a metabolic monitor. The metabolic monitor method is a convenient and simple alternative to the standard Douglas bag method."

Weissman C
Nutrition and metabolism during weaning from mechanical ventilation
Clinical Pulmonary Medicine, Vol. 5, :175-181, 1998
"Nutritional intake must be carefully monitored to avoid overfeeding, excessive fluid retention, and electrolyte imbalance."

Keinänen O, Takala J
Calculated versus measured oxygen consumption during and after cardiac surgery. Is it possible to estimate lung oxygen consumption?
Acta Anaesth Scand, Vol. 41, :803-09, 1997
"A constant difference between measured and calculated VO2 can be detected in carefully controlled clinical conditions. The difference between the two methods is due to both lung oxygen consumption and errors in the measurement of VO2, thermodilution cardiac output, hemoglobin and blood oxygen contents."

Schutz Y
On problems of calculating energy expenditure and substrate utilization from respiratory exchange data
Z Ernährungswiss, Vol. 36, :255-62, 1997
"The combined utilization of indirect calorimetry and stable isometric tracer technique will open wide areas of metabolic investigations in humans. This combination of methods will also provide new perspectives for assessing the turnover of substrates as well as the magnitude and importance of certain metabolic processes in various pathological and non-pathological states."

Bauer K, Pase K, Uhrig C, Sperling P, Versmold H
Comparison of face mask, head hood, and canopy for breath sampling in flow-through indirect calorimetry to measure oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production of preterm infants < 1500 grams
Pediatric research, Vol. 44, :139-144, 1997
"For future studies using flow-through indirect calorimetry in preterm infants we propose the following methodological standards for breath sampling systems: 1) measurement of minimal flow necessary for complete gas sampling, 2) measurement of response time, and 3) irritation of the infant by measurement must be excluded."

Brandi L S, Bertolini R, Calafa M
Indirect calorimetry in critically ill patients: Clinical applications and practical advice
Nutrition, Vol. 13, :349-58, 1997
"In critically ill patients, indirect calorimetry represents the most suitable, noninvasive method for the measurements of gas exchange and energy expenditure."

Last updated: 1 March 2001Created
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